Taxonomy

Scoring

• scores: Indicators of malevolence associated with an IP address, computed over several periods of time : 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and overall. For a given period, the indicator of malevolence is summarized under the total key with a value ranging from 0 (no reports) to 5 (high malevolence). This value is a summary based on 4 components (see below) also ranging from 0 (Not Applicable/ Missing) to 5 (High), comparing to all the the signals reported by the community.

indicator	explaination
Aggressiveness	What is the intensity of the attack? This component measures the number of attacks reported over a period of time.
Threat Level	How serious is the type of threats reported? The category of attacks reported by the community defines the danger induced by the attacks. An IP known for crawling and scanning will have a lower threat level than an IP reported for brute-force and exploits. This score ranges from 1 (mainly crawling) to 5 (exploit). 0 is the default for unknown scenarios
Trust	What is the level of confidence in the actors which reported the IP address? This component is based on the reputation (age, number of reports) and the diversity (number of IP ranges, AS Numbers) of all the actors reporting the IP. It ranges from 0 (low_confidence) to 5 (high confidence).
Anomaly	What are the red flags associated with this IP address? It analyses the static description of the reported IP address and checks for red flags which can be linked to evidence of malicious activities
Total	Aggregation of 4 component calculated on threats reported by the community and described below.

• ip_range_score: Score of malevolence associated with an IP range, ranging from 0 (No IP reported) to 5 (massively reported). It is calculated based on the number of IPs belonging to this range that were reported by the community as malicious

• behaviors: One or more attack categories and behaviors associated with the IP. The category names and the associated labels should be self-explanatory. For example, sip:bruteforce would refer to an IP performing brute force attacks on the SIP protocol, while http:exploit would refer to an IP attempting to exploit known vulnerabilities on HTTP services. An exhaustive list is availabe bellow.

Fields Documentation

• state : Only present for the "fire" route: validated means IP is currently part of community blocklist. refused means it was part of the community blocklist, but was manually purged (ie. false positive)
• expiration: Only present for the "fire" route: Date at which the IP address expire from the community blocklist.
• ip_range_score: the malevolence score of the IP range the IP belongs to. 0 is unknown, 1 is a couple of IP reported, 5 is the highest level for the most aggressive range. See "scoring" above
• ip_range: the range to which the IP belongs
• ip: the IP requested
• as_name, as_num: The autonomous system name and number to which the IP belongs
• location dictionary with the genreric localisation information:
  • country: the two letters country code of the IP following ISO 3166 format, when available
  • city: the associated city name of the IP, when available
  • latitude, longitude: floating points coordinates of the IP, when available
• reverse_dns: reverse DNS lookup of the IP, when available
• behaviors: A list of the attack categories for which the IP was reported. Each list item contains :
  • name: category of the attack, often in the form "protocol-or-scope:attack_type". See "categories" for a non-exhaustive listing
  • label, description: Human-friendly description of the category
• history :
  • first_seen: date of the first time this IP was reported. Please note that due to "progressive data degradation" this date might be later than the first time the IP was actually seen.
  • last_seen: date of the last time this IP was reported.
  • full_age: delta in days between first seen and today.
  • days_age: delta in days between first and last seen timestamps.
• classifications:
  • false_positive: A list of false positives tags associated with the IP. Any IP with known_false_positive tags shouldn't be considered as malicious
  • classifications: A list of categories associated with the IP. Those data can be sourced from 3rd parties (i.e. tor exit nodes list). An exhaustive list is available bellow,
• attack details: A more exhaustive list of the scenarios for which a given IP was reported. Each entry contains the following information :
  • name: name of the scenario (see hub.crowdsec.net)
  • label, description: Human-friendly descriptions of said scenarios
• target_countries: The top 10 reports repartition by country about the IP, as a percentage
• background_noise_score: Evaluate the noisiness of an IP address, from a scale of 0 (not noisy) to 10 (extremely noisy)
• scores: Indicators of Malevolence computed on different time periods
  • overall: Malevolence score over the total period (3 months)
    • total: The aggregated malevolence score
    • aggressiveness: The score of the aggressiveness component (see above)
    • threat: The score of the threat component (see above)
    • trust: The score of the trust component (see above)
    • anomaly: The score of the anomaly component (see above)
  • last_month: Malevolence score over the last month
    • total: The aggregated malevolence score
    • aggressiveness: The score of the aggressiveness component (see above)
    • threat: The score of the threat component (see above)
    • trust: The score of the trust component (see above)
    • anomaly: The score of the anomaly component (see above)
  • last_week: Malevolence score over the last week
    • total: The aggregated malevolence score
    • aggressiveness: The score of the aggressiveness component (see above)
    • threat: The score of the threat component (see above)
    • trust: The score of the trust component (see above)
    • anomaly: The score of the anomaly component (see above)
  • last_day: Malevolence score over the last day
    • total: The aggregated malevolence score
    • aggressiveness: The score of the aggressiveness component (see above)
    • threat: The score of the threat component (see above)
    • trust: The score of the trust component (see above)
    • anomaly: The score of the anomaly component (see above)
• references : A more open data field used to track 3rd parties referencing this IP as well. A common usage would be public / external lists in which this IP is present.

Behaviors

Name	Label	Description
database:bruteforce	Database Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on databases.
ftp:bruteforce	FTP Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on FTP services.
generic:exploit	Exploitation attempt	IP has been reported trying to exploit known vulnerability/CVE on unspecified protocols.
http:bruteforce	HTTP Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing a HTTP brute force attack (either generic HTTP probing or applicative related brute force).
http:crawl	HTTP Crawl	IP has been reported for performing aggressive crawling of web applications.
http:exploit	HTTP Exploit	IP has been reported for attempting to exploit a vulnerability in a web application.
http:scan	HTTP Scan	IP has been reported for performing actions related to HTTP vulnerability scanning and discovery.
http:spam	Web form spam	IP has been reported trying to perform spam via web forms/forums.
iot:bruteforce	IOT Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on IoT management interfaces.
ldap:bruteforce	LDAP Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on LDAP services.
pop3/imap:bruteforce	POP3/IMAP Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing a POP3/IMAP brute force attack.
sip:bruteforce	SIP Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing a SIP (VOIP) brute force attack.
smb:bruteforce	SMB Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on samba services.
smtp:spam	SMTP spam	IP has been reported trying to perform spam SMTP service.
ssh:bruteforce	SSH Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on ssh services.
tcp:scan	TCP Scan	IP has been reported for performing TCP port scanning.
telnet:bruteforce	TELNET Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on telnet services.
vm-management:bruteforce	VM Management Bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on virtual environment management applications.
windows:bruteforce	SMB/RDP bruteforce	IP has been reported for performing brute force on Windows (samba, remote desktop) services.

False positives

Name	Label	Description
cdn:cloudflare_exit_node	Cloudflare CDN	IP is a Cloudflare CDN exit IP and should not be flagged as a threat.
cdn:exit_node	CDN exit node	IP is a CDN exit IP and should not be flagged as a threat.
ip:private_range	Private IP address range	This IP address is in a private IP range
msp:scanner	Legitimate Scanner	IP belongs to a known 'legitimate' scanner (MSP) and should not be flagged as a threat.
seo:crawler	SEO crawler	IP belongs to a known SEO crawler and should not be flagged as a threat.
seo:duckduckbot	Duckduckbot SEO crawler	IP belongs to Duckduckbot SEO crawler and should not be flagged as a threat.
seo:googlebot	Googlebot SEO crawler	IP belongs to Googlebot SEO crawler and should not be flagged as a threat.
seo:bingbot	Bingbot SEO crawler	IP belongs to Bingbot SEO crawler and should not be flagged as a threat.
seo:pinterest	Pinterest crawler	IP belongs to Pinterest crawler and should not be flagged as a threat.
seo:crawler	SEO crawler	IP belongs to a known SEO crawler and should not be flagged as a threat.
dns:public	Public DNS resolver	IP belongs to a known public DNS resolver and should not be flagged as a threat.
scanner:enterprise	Legit Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans its clients

Classifications

Name	Label	Description
community-blocklist	CrowdSec Community Blocklist	IP belongs to the CrowdSec Community Blocklist
profile:insecure_services	Dangerous Services Exposed	IP exposes dangerous services (VNC, Telnet, RDP), possibly due to a misconfiguration or because it's a honeypot.
profile:many_services	Many Services Exposed	IP exposes many open ports, possibly due to a misconfiguration or because it's a honeypot.
proxy:tor	TOR exit node	IP is being flagged as a TOR exit node.
proxy:vpn	VPN	IP exposes a VPN service or is being flagged as one.
range:data_center	Data Center	IP is known to be hosted in a data center.
scanner:alphastrike	Known Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet: AlphaSrike.
scanner:arcticwolf	Known Security Company	IP belongs to an entity that scans the internet: Arctic Wolf
scanner:qualys	Known Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet: Qualys.
scanner:binaryedge	Known Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet: binaryedge.
scanner:censys	Known Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet: Censys.
scanner:cert.ssi.gouv.fr	Known CERT	IP belongs to an entity that scans the internet: cert.ssi.gouv.fr.
scanner:cisa.dhs.gov	Known CERT	IP belongs to an entity that scans the internet: cisa.dhs.gov.
scanner:internet-census	Known Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet: internet-census.
scanner:leakix	Known Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet: leakix.
scanner:legit	Legit scanner	IP belongs to a security company
scanner:mass	Legit scanner	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet
scanner:shadowserver.org	Known Security Company	IP belongs to an entity that scans the internet: www.shadowserver.org.
scanner:shodan	Known Security Company	IP belongs to a company that scans the internet: Shodan.
scanner:stretchoid	Known Security Company	IP belongs to an entity that scans the internet: Stretchoid.
profile:fake_rdns	Fake RDNS	IP is using a fake RDNS
profile:nxdomain	NXDOMAIN	RDNS doesn't exist
profile:router	Router	IP belongs to a router exposing services on the internet
profile:proxy	Proxy	IP exposes services that are commonly used by proxies
profile:corporate-proxy	Corporate Proxy	IP exposes services that are commonly used by proxies
profile:jupiter-vpn	JupiterVPN	IP belongs to a Jupiter VPN
device:cyberoam	Cyberoam	IP belongs to a Cyberoam router
device:microtik	Mikrotik	IP belongs to a Mikrotik router
device:asuswrt	AsusWRT	IP belongs to an AsusWRT router
device:hikvision	Hikvision	IP belongs to a Hikvision camera
device:ipcam	IpCamera	IP belongs to an IP camera
profile:likely_botnet	Likely Botnet	IP is likely to belong to a botnet (based on behavior and/or characteristics)
crowdsec:ai_vpn_proxy	VPN or Proxy	IP is identified as a VPN or a Proxy by CrowdSec AI Detection Algorithm